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Rice
Oryza sativa
Rice is one of the most important staple foods in the world, providing sustenance for billions of people. Its significance stretches beyond mere nutrition; rice is a symbol in many societies, often featured in traditions celebrations, and daily meals. As a versatile ingredient, can be prepared in countless ways, making it a beloved across various cuisines. Understanding the importance of rice helps appreciate its role in food security, economic stability, and cultural heritage globally.
West Bengal 18.8%
Uttar Pradesh 16.2%
Punjab 15.0%
Odisha 12.5%
Andhra Pradesh 11.2%
Chhattisgarh 10.0%
Tamil Nadu 8.7%
Bihar 7.5%
Essential Conditions for Rice Cultivation
Rice is a water-intensive crop that requires specific climatic and soil conditions to thrive.
1. Climate Requirements
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Temperature: 20°C - 35°C (optimal growth)
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Rainfall: 100 - 200 cm (well-distributed)
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Humidity: High humidity (above 70%) is ideal.
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Sunlight: Requires long daylight hours for better yields.
2. Soil Requirements
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Type: Clayey or loamy soils with high water retention capacity.
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pH Level: Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5 - 7.5).
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Fertility: Rich in organic matter and nutrients.
3. Water Requirements
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Flooded Fields: Rice is typically grown in standing water (5-10 cm deep) to control weeds and ensure proper nutrient absorption.
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Irrigation: Essential in areas with low rainfall. Methods include canal irrigation, tube wells, and rain-fed systems.
Nutrient Requirements for Rice Growth
Macronutrients:
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Nitrogen (N): Essential for leaf and stem growth. (Sources: Urea, Ammonium sulfate)
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Phosphorus (P): Promotes root development and grain formation. (Sources: DAP, Single Super Phosphate)
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Potassium (K): Improves disease resistance and grain quality. (Sources: Muriate of Potash, Potassium Sulfate)
Micronutrients:
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Zinc (Zn): Prevents leaf discoloration and improves grain filling. (Sources: Zinc sulfate)
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Iron (Fe): Helps in chlorophyll production. (Sources: Ferrous sulfate)
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Magnesium (Mg): Aids in enzyme activation and photosynthesis. (Sources: Dolomite, Magnesium sulfate)
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Sulfur (S): Enhances protein synthesis. (Sources: Gypsum, Ammonium sulfate)
Organic Matter:
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Compost and Farmyard Manure (FYM) – Improve soil fertility.
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Green Manure (e.g., Dhaincha, Sunhemp) – Enhances nitrogen content