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Madhya Pradesh 44%
Maharastra 40%
Rajasthan 8%
Telangana 2%
Karnataka 3%
Chhatisgarh 1%
1. Climatic Conditions:
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Temperature: Soybean thrives in warm temperatures between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) but risks damage below that.
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Rainfall: Soybeans need moderate rainfall (700–900 mm per season) with good distribution. It requires moist soil during germination and pod formation.
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Frost-free Period: A frost-free growing season of 4 to 6 months is essential.
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2. Soil Requirements:
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Soil Type: Soybean grows best in well-drained loamy soils with good organic matter content. Sandy loam and clay loam soils are ideal.
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Soil pH: The optimum soil pH for soybean growth is 6.0 to 7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral).
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Soil Fertility: Soybeans are nitrogen-fixing plants, so while they need a good level of phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, they can fix their own nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria in the soil.
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Drainage: Well-drained soil is essential, as waterlogging can affect root development and lead to diseases.
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5. Pest and Disease Management:
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Soybean is susceptible to various pests and diseases, including aphids, whiteflies, root rots, and fungal infections. Use appropriate fungicides and insecticides as per the regional guidelines.
Soyabean
Glycine max
Soybeans are a versatile and nutrient-rich legume that play a crucial role in global agriculture and food systems. As a major source of protein, oil, and various essential nutrients, soybeans contribute significantly to human diets and livestock feed. Their importance extends beyond nutrition; they also support sustainable farming practices and help improve soil health through nitrogen fixation. Understanding the value of soybeans is essential for appreciating their impact on food security and environmental sustainability.
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3. Nutrient Requirements:
Macronutrients:
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Nitrogen (N):
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Soybeans are nitrogen-fixing and do not require much nitrogen from the soil. However, if soil nitrogen levels are low, supplementary nitrogen may be needed, particularly in the early stages.
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Excessive nitrogen can reduce root nodulation and yield.
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Phosphorus (P):
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High phosphorus is crucial for root development, seed formation, and overall plant growth.
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Recommended application: 20–40 kg/ha depending on soil tests.
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Potassium (K):
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Potassium is important for photosynthesis, water regulation, and disease resistance.
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Recommended application: 30–50 kg/ha.
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Micronutrients:
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Calcium (Ca):
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Essential for cell wall structure and root development.
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Deficiency can result in poor pod development and reduced yields.
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Magnesium (Mg):
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Crucial for chlorophyll formation and photosynthesis.
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Sulfur (S):
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Involved in protein synthesis and overall plant metabolism.
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Apply 10–20 kg/ha based on soil deficiency.
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Micronutrients (Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper):
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Zinc is especially important for enzyme activity, root growth, and nodulation.
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Micronutrient deficiency can reduce soybean yields significantly, so a balanced micronutrient mix is important.
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4. Water Management:
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Watering Needs: Soybean needs regular irrigation if rainfall is insufficient.
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Critical Stages: Ensure adequate water during germination, flowering, and pod formation.
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​Irrigation Type: Drip irrigation or furrow irrigation are effective methods
6. Growth Stages to Focus On:
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Germination (0–15 days): Ensure adequate moisture for good seedling growth.
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Vegetative Growth (15–50 days): Fertilize with phosphorus and potassium to boost vegetative growth.
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Flowering & Pod Formation (50–90 days): Focus on maintaining soil nutrients and water to support pod development.