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Wheat
Triticum aestivum
Wheat is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed cereal grains in the world, serving as a staple food for billions of people. Its significance extends beyond sustenance; it plays a crucial role in global agriculture, economies, and food security. Rich in carbohydrates, fiber, and essential nutrients, wheat is a versatile ingredient used in various products, from bread and pasta to pastries and cereals. Understanding the importance of wheat helps us appreciate its impact on nutrition, culture, and the environment
Rajasthan 9.3%
Haryana 11.1%
Punjab 15.7%
Madhya Pradesh 23.1%
Uttar Pradesh 33.3%
Bihar 7.4%
1. Climate Requirements
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Temperature:
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Sowing: 10-15°C (cool climate)
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Growing period: 21-26°C (mild winter)
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Harvesting: 25-30°C (warm and dry)
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Rainfall: 50-100 cm annually
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Sunlight: Requires bright sunshine during ripening for proper grain filling.
2. Soil Requirements
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Best Soil Type: Loamy or clay loam soil with good drainage.
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pH Level: 6.0–7.5 (neutral to slightly alkaline).
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Soil Fertility: Rich in organic matter and well-aerated for root development.
3. Water and Irrigation
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Irrigation Frequency: 4-5 irrigations at critical growth stages:
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Crown root initiation (CRI) – 20-25 days after sowing
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Tillering stage – 40-45 days
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Jointing stage – 60-65 days
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Flowering (Booting) stage – 80-85 days
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Grain filling stage – 100-105 days
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Nutrient Requirements for Wheat Growth
Macronutrients (Primary Nutrients)
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Nitrogen (N) – Needed for leaf and stem growth
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Recommended dose: 100-120 kg/ha
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Applied in split doses:
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50% at sowing
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25% at tillering
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25% at flowering
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Phosphorus (P) – Supports root development and grain formation
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Recommended dose: 50-60 kg/ha
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Applied as basal dose at sowing
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Potassium (K) – Enhances disease resistance and drought tolerance
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Recommended dose: 40-50 kg/ha
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Applied at sowing or during vegetative growth
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Micronutrients (Secondary Nutrients)
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Zinc (Zn) – Helps in enzyme activation (Deficiency causes stunted growth)
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Iron (Fe) – Essential for chlorophyll production (Deficiency leads to yellowing leaves)
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Sulfur (S) – Improves protein synthesis (Required in sandy soils)
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Boron (B) – Supports pollen and seed formation